A Quick Guide on 5 Types of Spinal Fractures


The human spine is a remarkable structure, providing both support and flexibility to our bodies. However, like any other part of our skeletal system, the spine is not immune to injury. Spinal fractures are a common result of trauma, and they can have varying degrees of severity. In this blog, we will explore five types of spinal fractures, shedding light on their causes, symptoms, and potential treatments.

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5 Types of Spinal Fractures

Compression Fracture

A compression fracture is one of the most prevalent types of spinal fractures, often occurring in the thoracic or lumbar spine. These fractures typically result from trauma such as falls, car accidents, or even osteoporosis. In osteoporotic patients, the bones become weakened and brittle, making them more susceptible to compression fractures from even minor incidents.

Symptoms of a compression fracture may include severe back pain, height loss, and a stooped posture. Treatment options may range from conservative methods like bed rest, pain management, and physical therapy to more invasive approaches such as vertebral augmentation procedures like vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty.


Burst Fracture

A burst fracture is a severe type of spinal injury that often results from high-energy trauma, like a car accident or a fall from a significant height. In a burst fracture, the vertebra shatters into multiple pieces, endangering the spinal cord and surrounding nerves.

Common symptoms of a burst fracture include excruciating pain, loss of sensation, and possible paralysis. Immediate medical attention is crucial to assess the severity of the injury and may involve surgical intervention, where the surgeon will stabilize the spine and remove any bone fragments that could damage the spinal cord.

Chance Fracture

A Chance fracture, also known as a seatbelt injury, typically occurs in car accidents where the occupant was restrained by a lap seatbelt but not a shoulder belt. This unique type of spinal fracture involves a horizontal break across the spine, often affecting the lumbar region. 

Symptoms of a Chance fracture may include lower back pain, abdominal pain, and even bowel or bladder dysfunction. Treatment options vary depending on the extent of the injury and may involve bracing, traction, or surgical intervention to stabilize the spine.

Flexion-Distraction Fracture

Flexion-distraction fractures result from a hyperextension of the spine, often seen in motor vehicle accidents, especially when the seatbelt is worn incorrectly. In this type of fracture, the vertebrae are pulled apart or separated, putting stress on the ligaments and potentially damaging the spinal cord.

Symptoms of a flexion-distraction fracture may include back pain, numbness, tingling, and muscle weakness. Treatment options may involve bracing or, in more severe cases, surgery to realign and stabilize the spine.

Spondylolisthesis

Spondylolisthesis is a spinal condition characterized by the forward displacement of one vertebra over another, often occurring in the lumbar spine. It can be congenital or develop over time due to degenerative changes, fractures, or stress fractures in the pars interarticularis (a small bony segment connecting adjacent vertebrae).

Common symptoms of spondylolisthesis include lower back pain, leg pain, and a noticeable deformity in the spine. Treatment options range from conservative approaches such as physical therapy and bracing to surgery to stabilize the affected vertebrae.

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